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ARTICLE 8
OFF-STREET PARKING AND
LOADING REQUIREMENTS
Section 8.1. Parking Lot Requirements.
In all zoning districts, off-street parking facilities for
the storage and parking of self-propelled motor vehicles for the use of
occupants, employees, and patrons of the buildings hereafter erected, altered,
or extended after the effective date of this Ordinance, shall be provided as
herein prescribed. Such space shall be maintained and shall not be encroached
upon so long as said main building or structure remains, unless an equivalent
number of such spaces are provided elsewhere in conformance with this Ordinance.
8.1.1. PERMIT. No parking lot shall be constructed unless
and until a permit is issued by the Building Official after review and
approval by the Township Engineer.
8.1.2. PLANS. Plans for the development of any parking
lot must be submitted to the Building Inspector, prepared at a scale of not
less than fifty (50) feet equals one (1) inch and indicating existing and
proposed grades, drainage, pipe sizes, parking of all dimensions, type of
curbing, drive and aisle dimensions, lighting, adjacent main buildings,
sidewalks, landscaping, surfacing and base materials to be used and the
layout of the proposed parking lot. The plans are to be prepared in a
presentable form by person(s) competent in such work and shall reflect
conformance with the following provisions.
8.1.3. SITE PLANS. All Site Plans requiring Site Plan
approval by the Planning Commission, including plans for the layout of
off-street parking facilities, must be approved by the Planning Commission
and shall be in accordance with the minimum requirements listed in this
ordinance.
8.1.4. PARKING STRUCTURES. Parking structures may be
built to satisfy off-street parking requirements, when located in
commercial, business, or industrial zoned districts, subject to the area,
height, bulk and placement regulations of such districts in which located.
Such structures may occupy the required site or rear open space, but shall
not be closer than twenty (20') feet from a lot line without the
establishment of a landscape buffer.
8.1.5. ABANDONMENT. Upon the abandonment of such area as
a parking lot used for parking for a period of six (6) months, it shall
revert to its immediate prior use.
8.1.6. TABLE OF
OFF-STREET PARKING REQUIREMENTS. The
amount of required off-street parking space for new uses of buildings and
additions to existing buildings shall be determined in accordance with the
following table, and the space so required shall be stated in the
application for a building permit and shall be irrevocably reserved for such
use and/or shall comply with the other requirements of this section
including the following:
A. When units of
measurements determining the number of required parking spaces result in
requirement of a fractional space, any fraction up to and including
one-half (1/2) shall be disregarded and fractions over one-half (1/2)
shall require one (1) loading space.
B. For uses not
specifically mentioned herein, the requirements for off-street parking
facilities for a use which is mentioned, and which said use is similar,
shall apply and as interpreted by the Board of Appeals.
C. Residential
Parking Requirements. Residential off-street parking spaces shall consist
of a parking strip, driveway, garage or combination thereof and shall be
located on the premises they are intended to serve, not closer than three
(3') feet from any street lot line.
D. Useable Floor
Area. For the purpose of this Article, the floor area used to determine
the required number of parking spaces shall be as described in this
ordinance under Definitions.
8.2. Table of Off-Street Parking Requirements.
USE REQUIRED NO. OF
PER EACH UNIT OF MEASURE AS FOLLOWS
PARKING SPACES
Residential
a. Single- or Two-Family Dwelling 2 Per each dwelling unit
b. Multiple-Family Dwelling 2
Per each dwelling, plus
1 per each ten (10) dwelling units
c. Senior Citizen Housing 1 Per each dwelling unit, plus
1 per each ten (10) dwelling units
d. Fraternities, Sororities, Rooming Houses 1 Per each
three (3) occupants
e. Dormitories 1 Per each four (4) occupants
Institutional
a. Churches 1 Per each three
(3) seats based on maximum seating capacity in
the main place of assembly therein
b. Private Clubs & Lodges 1
Per each three (3) individual members allowed
within the maximum occupancy load as established
by local county, state, fire, health, or
building codes
c. Hospitals 1 Per each four (4) beds, plus
1 per staff doctor, plus
1 per each four (4) employees
d. Convalescent Homes, Home for the Aged, 1 Per each four
(4) beds, plus
Nursing Homes, Children's Homes 1 per each staff doctor,
plus
1 per each four (4) employees
e. High Schools 1 Per each teacher, plus
1 per each ten (10) students, plus
1 per each employee or administrator, plus
requirements of the
auditorium or assembly hall therein
f. Elementary & Junior High Schools, 1 Per each teacher,
plus
Trade Schools 1 per each employee or administrator, plus
requirements of the
auditorium or assembly hall therein
g. Child Care Center, Day Nurseries, or 1 Per each 400 sq
ft of UFA, plus
Nursery Schools 1 per each employee
h. Stadiums & Sports Arena 1 Per each four (4) seats or
eight (8) feet of bench
Commercial
a. Retail Stores, except as otherwise 1 Per each 200 sq ft
of GFA, plus
specified herein 1 per each three (3) employees
b. Furniture, Appliances & Household 1 Per each 800 sq ft
of UFA, plus
Equipment, Repair Shops, Hardware Stores 1 per each two (2)
employees
and other similar uses
c. Auto Salesrooms, Wholesale Stores, Machinery 1 Per each
1000 sq ft of UFA, plus
Sales, & other similar uses 1 per each employee
d. Medical Clinic & Dental Clinic 3 Per each staff or
visiting doctor, plus
1 per each employee
e. Business & Professional Offices 1 Per each 300 sq ft of
GFA
f. Motels, Hotels, Tourist Homes 1 Per each guest bedroom,
plus
1 per each employee, plus
amount required for accessory uses
g. Banks (other than drive-in), Post Offices 1 Per each 200
sq ft of UFA, plus
1 per each one (1) employee
h. Drive-in Banks 4 Stacking spaces per each teller window
i. Barber & Beauty Shops 3 Per each operator
j. Bowling Alleys 6 Per bowling lane, plus
amount required for accessory uses
k. Drive-in Restaurants 1 Per each 50 sq ft of GFA, plus
1 per each two (2) employees
l. Fast Food 1 Per each 125 sq ft of GFA, plus
Drive-in Restaurants 1 per each two (2) employees, with a
minimum total
of 25 parking spaces
m. Establishments (other than drive-in 1 Per each three (3)
persons allowed within the
restaurants) in which is conducted the maximum occupancy load
as established by local,
sale and consumption on the premises state, or county fire,
health, or building codes, plus
of food, beverages or refreshments 1 per each three (3)
employees, or
1 per each 100 sq ft of UFA, (whichever is greater)
n. Private Tennis, Swim or Golf Clubs, 1 Per each two (2)
member families or individuals, plus
or other similar uses amount required for accessory uses
o. Golf Course, open to the general public 5 Per each holes,
plus
1 per each employee, plus
amount required for accessory uses
p. Filling Stations, Automobile Service Stations 2 Per each
service stall, plus
1 per each employee, plus
1 per each service vehicle, plus
1 per each 200 sq ft GFA used by the public
q. Motor Vehicle Wash Establishments (self-serve) 4 Per each
wash stall
r. Motor Vehicle Wash Establishments (other than 4 Per each
unit which represents the establishments
self-serve) maximum capacity as computed by dividing the
linear
dimensions of the mechanical wash/dry operation
by 20 feet, plus
1 per each employee
s. Service Garages, Auto Repair Shops, Collision 1 Per each
800 sq ft UFA, plus
or Bump Shops, and other similar uses 1 per each two (2)
employees computed on the basis
of the maximum number of employees on duty at any on time,
plus
2 per each stall or service area
t. Open Air Business (not otherwise provided 1 Per each 800
sq ft of lot area used for said business
for herein)
u. Personal Service Establishments (not otherwise 1 Per each
300 sq ft of UFA, plus
provided for herein 1 per each two (2) employees
v. Theaters, Auditoriums, & Assembly Halls 2 Per each five
(5) seats based on the maximum seating
capacity in the main place of assembly therein, plus
1 per each two (2) employees
w. Marinas 1 Per each boat slip, plus
1 per each employee
Industrial
a. Industrial or Manufacturing Establishments, 1 Per each 1½
employees computed on the basis of the
Research Establishments greatest number of persons employed
at any one time,
day or night, or
1 per each 2000 sq ft of UFA (whichever is greater)
b. Warehouses and Storage Buildings 1 Per each two (2)
employees computed on the basis
of the greatest number of persons employed at any
one time, day or night, or
1 per each 2000 sq ft of GFA (whichever is greater)
Section 8.3. Zoning Requirements.
Off-street parking for other than residential use shall be
either on the same lot or within three hundred (300') feet of the building it is
intended to serve, measured without crossing any major thoroughfare, from the
nearest point of the building to the nearest point of the off-street parking
facilities
8.3.1. EXISTING LOTS. Off-street parking existing at the
effective date of this Ordinance in connection with the question of an
existing building or use shall not be reduced to an amount less than
hereafter required for a similar new building or new use.
8.3.2. EXPANSIONS. Whenever a use requiring off-street
parking is increased in floor area and such use is located in a building
existing on or before the effective date of this Ordinance, the minimum
number of parking spaces required at the time of the increase in floor area
shall be based on either twice the usable floor area or other determining
unit of measure of the addition, or two-thirds (2/3) of the usable floor
area or other determining unit of measure of the entire building, including
the addition.
8.3.3. COLLECTIVE REQUIREMENTS. Two (2) or more buildings
or uses may collectively provide the required off-street parking in which
case, the required number of parking spaces shall not be less than the sum
of the requirements of several individual uses computed separately with the
following exceptions:
A. Where the
required number of parking spaces exceeds one hundred (100) spaces, the
requirements may be reduced by ten (10%) percent for the first one hundred
(100) spaces and ten (10%) percent for each complete one hundred (100)
spaces after that.
B. In cases of dual
functioning of off-street parking where operating hours do not overlap,
the Board of Appeals may grant an exception. Parking spaces already
provided to meet off-street parking requirements for theaters, stadiums,
auditoriums, and other places of public assembly, stores, office buildings
and industrial establishments located within five hundred (500') feet of a
church, as measured along lines of public access, and that are not
normally used between the hours of 6:00 a.m. and 6:00 p.m. on Sundays and
are made available for other parking, may be used to meet not more than
seventy-five (75%) percent of the off-street parking requirements of a
church. There shall be a written agreement between all parties concerned
where this arrangement is permitted.
8.3.4. RESIDENTIAL LANDSCAPE BUFFER STRIP REQUIREMENTS.
Where a parking lot is contiguous or adjacent to a residentially zoned
district there shall be established a setback line ten (10') feet from the
front lot line and any adjacent lot lines. The land between the setback line
and lot line in a parking lot is for the purpose of this Ordinance is called
a "Landscaped Buffer Strip". Such lots shall be required to provide a
Landscaped Buffer Strip as regulated elsewhere in this ordinance with the
following exception:
A. Wherever a screen
planting is not practical or reasonable, a continuous unpierced masonry
wall of specified height and materials may be substituted for buffer
strips if approved by the Planning Commission with recommendation to the
Board of Appeals.
8.3.5. PARKING LOTS WITH 30 OR MORE SPACES. Such lots
shall be required to provide a Landscaped Buffer strip as regulated
elsewhere in this ordinance and include the following requirements also.
A. Each separate
landscaped area within a parking lot shall be adequately planted and
maintained and shall be located in such a manner as to promote the
following:
1. divide and
break up the expanse of pavement parking areas
2. designate
vehicular circulation
3. separate
parking lots from adjoining uses
B. The minimum total
landscaped area shall be forty five (45) square feet per every two (2)
parking spaces. Right-of-way areas and retention ponds shall not be
included in this calculation.
C. A minimum of three (3) feet shall be established
from the backside of the curb or planting edge to the center of the trunk
of the proposed tree or shrub. Narrow strips of landscaping incorporated
within parking lots shall be arranged to contain sufficient landscaping
and landscape buffering to soften large expanses of paved or gravel
surfaces.
Section 8.4.
Parking Lot Layout,
Construction & Maintenance
Whenever the required off-street parking requires the
building of an off-street parking lot, the off-street parking lot shall be laid
out, constructed and maintained in accordance with the following tables and
regulations:
PARKING LAYOUTS
90 DEGREE
60 DEGREE
45 DEGREE
PARALLEL 8'
x
½
x
½
x
½
x 6'
½
¬
½ 20'
A. Maneuvering
Lanes. All spaces shall be provided adequate access by means of
maneuvering lanes. Maneuvering lanes will be required to be increased when
such lane is required for fire or safety vehicle access to building.
B. Access. All
parking spaces shall have access from an aisle on the site to minimize
backing onto a street or into the space from the street.
C. Striping. All
parking spaces shall be clearly striped to facilitate movement and to help
maintain an orderly parking arrangement.
D. Size. All spaces
shall be laid out in the dimension of nine by twenty (9' x 20') feet, or
one hundred and eighty (180) square feet of space with the following
exception.
1. Parallel
parking spaces shall be twenty (20') feet in length with a six (6') feet
maneuvering space for each two (2) parking spaces.
E. Access Drives.
Adequate ingress and egress to the parking lot shall be provided for
vehicles by means of clearly limited and defined drives not less than
fifteen (15') feet wide for a one-way and twenty-two (22') feet wide for a
two-way traffic.
|
PARKING
PATTERN |
MINIMUM
DRIVEWAY OR
AISLE WIDTH |
PARKING
SPACE LENGTH (a) |
PARKING
SPACE WIDTH(b) |
TOTAL WIDTH OF
TWO TIERS OF
SPACES & AISLES |
|
0 °
(parallel) |
10 feet |
23 feet |
8 feet |
|
|
30 ° |
12 feet |
20 feet |
9 feet |
47 feet |
|
45 ° |
12 feet |
20 feet |
9 feet |
47 feet |
|
60 ° |
18 feet |
20 feet |
9 feet |
57 feet |
|
90 ° |
24 feet |
20 feet |
9 feet |
64 feet |
a. as measured perpendicular to longitudinal angle of
parking
b. as measured parallel to longitudinal angle of parking
8.4.2. CONSTRUCTION. All such parking lots and access,
drives, etc. required for uses other than single or two-family residential
shall be hard-surfaced with a pavement consisting of asphalt or concrete.
They shall be completely constructed prior to a Certificate of Occupancy
being issued in compliance with all the requirements listed.
A. Drainage. They
shall be graded and drained so as to dispose of surface water which might
accumulate within or upon such area. No surface water from such parking
area shall be permitted to drain onto adjoining private property.
B. Lighting. Where
lighting facilities are provided they should be so arranged as to reflect
the light away from the adjacent residential districts.
C. Wheel Chocks.
Where buffer strips are not required, there shall be a bumper stops or
wheel chocks of concrete or similar permanent material provided.
8.4.3. MAINTENANCE. Such spaces shall be maintained and
shall not be encroached upon as long as said main building or structure
remains unless an equivalent number of spaces are provided elsewhere in
conformance with this Ordinance.
Section 8.5.
Truck and Equipment Parking
On the same premises with every building, structure or part
thereof, erected and occupied for the manufacturing, storage, warehousing, goods
display, department store, wholesale store, market, hotel, hospital, mortuary,
laundry, dry cleaning establishment, or other uses similarly involving the
receipt or distribution of vehicles or materials or merchandise, there shall be
provided and maintained on the lot, adequate space for standing, loading and
unloading services in compliance with the following requirements.:
8.5.1. LOCATION. The space shall be adjacent to the
opening used for loading and unloading in order to avoid undue interference
with public use of the streets or alleys.
8.5.2. SIZE. Loading and unloading space, unless
otherwise adequately provided for, shall be an area ten by fifty (10' x 50'
) feet with a fifteen (15') foot height.
8.5.3. NUMBER OF SPACES. The number of required spaces
shall be in accordance with the following table:
|
GROSS FLOOR AREA (sq ft) |
LOADING & UNLOADING SPACES REQUIRED |
| 0 - 2,000 |
None. |
| 2,000 - 20,000 |
One (1) space. |
| 20,000 - 100,000 |
One (1) space plus
one (1) space for each 20,000 sq ft in excess of 20,000 sq ft. |
| 100,000 - 500,000 |
Five (5) spaces
plus one (1) space for each 40,000 sq ft in excess of 100,000 sq ft. |
| over 500,000 |
Fifteen (15) spaces
plus one (1) space for each 80,000 sq ft in excess of 500,000 sq ft. |
8.5.4. SCREENING. No loading space may be on any street
frontage and provision for handling all freight shall be on those sides of
any building which do not face on any street, or proposed street, except
where such areas are obscured from such street with a solid masonry wall not
less than six (6') feet in height.
8.5.5. RESTRICTIONS. The loading space as required in
this ordinance as "Off-Street Loading and Unloading", shall not be construed
as supplying off-street parking space.
Section 8.6. Handicap Requirements.
Parking Space Requirements for Handicappers. In those cases
where barrier-free design parking areas are required under Act 1, Public Acts of
1966, as amended (MCL 125.1351 et seq., MSA 3.447(121) et seq.), such parking
areas shall be provided in accordance with those requirements and the following
table:
|
TOTAL SPACES IN LOT |
REQUIRED NUMBER OF ACCESSIBLE SPACES |
|
up to 25 |
One (1) |
|
26 to 50 |
Two (2) |
|
51 to 75 |
Three (3) |
|
76 to 100 |
Four (4) |
|
101 to 150 |
Five (5) |
|
151 to 200 |
Six (6) |
|
above 200 |
Six (6) |
Section 8.7. Restrictions.
The required off-street parking shall be for occupants,
employees, visitors, patrons, and shall be limited in use to motor vehicles
including the following restrictions.
8.7.1. STORAGE. The storage of merchandise, motor
vehicles for sale, or the repair of vehicles is prohibited on all parking
areas with the following exceptions.
A. Residential. The
parking of one motor vehicle on a residential lot in or adjacent to the
drive in the front yard setback for sale may be allowed provided it has
current registration and does not create a condition of blight.
8.7.2. PARKING DURATION. Except when land is used as
storage space in connection with the business of a repair, service garage,
hotel or motel, a twenty-four (24) hour time limit for parking in
non-residential off-street parking areas shall prevail, it being the purpose
and intention of the foregoing that the requirement of maintaining vehicle
storage or parking space is to provide for the public safety in keeping
parked cars off the streets, but such requirement is not designed to or
intended to provide, and it shall be unlawful to permit, the storage or
prolonged parking on any such parking area in any such district wrecked or
junked cars, or for creating a junk yard or a nuisance in such areas.
8.7.3. PRIVATE PROPERTY. It shall be unlawful for any
person, firm, or corporation to park any motor vehicle on any private
property, or use said private property for vehicle storage, or use any
portion of any private property as parking space, without the express or
implied consent, authorization, or ratification of the owner, holder,
occupant, lessee, agent, or trustee of such property.
Section 8.8. Variances.
Notwithstanding anything herein before contained in this
section, the setback requirements required hereby may be modified by the Board
of Appeals with respect to the number of feet required in any case in which it
appears an undue hardship will arise from the strict enforcement of the distance
requirements above set forth.
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